NECO 2025 DATA PROCESSING-OBJ; EXAMGRANDCOMNG
01-10: AABDDBBDEA
11-20: BCEBDAABAD
21-30: ECDDAABDAB
31-40: DCBCACAABC
41-50: CCBDAADADA
51-60: DCEADDACEA
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COMPLETED

DATA PROCESSING-ESSAY-ANSWERS
INSTRUCTION: ANSWER FOUR(4) QUESTIONS ONLY

(1ai)
Digitalisation is the use of digital technologies and systems to transform traditional processes, services, or information into a digital format, making them more efficient, accessible, and automated.

(1aii)
(i) Increased Efficiency: Tasks are completed faster and more accurately due to automation and streamlined processes.
(ii) Improved Access to Information: Data and services can be accessed easily from anywhere through digital platforms.

(1bi)
[TABULATE]

=Scientist=
(i) Blaise Pascal
(ii) Charles Babbage

=Invention=
(i) Pascaline
(ii) Analytical Engine

=Function of the Invention=
(i) A mechanical calculator used for performing basic arithmetic operations.
(ii) A mechanical general-purpose computing device; it laid the foundation for modern computers.

(1bii)
To convert 143 to binary:

143 ÷ 2 = 71 remainder 1
71 ÷ 2 = 35 remainder 1
35 ÷ 2 = 17 remainder 1
17 ÷ 2 = 8 remainder 1
8 ÷ 2 = 4 remainder 0
4 ÷ 2 = 2 remainder 0
2 ÷ 2 = 1 remainder 0
1 ÷ 2 = 0 remainder 1

143₁₀ = 10001111₂

(2ai)
(i) Size: Mainframe Computer
(ii) Purpose: General-Purpose Computer

(2b)
A general-purpose computer is designed to perform a wide variety of tasks. It can be used for word processing, browsing the internet, playing games, or managing files. It is not limited to one specific function but can run different types of software for multiple uses.

(2ci)
(i) Education
(ii) Banking
(iii) Health care

(2cii)
(i) Cybercrime: increase in online fraud and hacking.
(ii) Job displacement: automation reduces the need for human labour in some sectors.

(iii) Addiction and distraction: excessive use of devices affects productivity and health.

(3ai)
A word processing package is a software application used for creating, editing, formatting, and printing text-based documents. Examples include reports, letters, and résumés.

(3aii)
(i)Microsoft Word: Spell check and grammar correction.
(ii)Microsoft Excel: Formulas and functions for calculations.

(3b)
(i)Select the text: Highlight the specific text you want to format.
(ii)Apply formatting: To make text bold, click the “Bold” button (often represented by a ‘B’).
To make text italics, click the “Italic” button (often represented by an ‘I’).
To underline text, click the “Underline” button (often represented by a ‘U’).

(3c)
(i) Range: In Microsoft Excel, a range refers to a collection of two or more cells. It can be a single row, a single column, or a rectangular block of cells. Ranges are used in formulas, functions, and for formatting or manipulating data within a specific area of a worksheet.

(ii) Worksheet: A worksheet (also known as a spreadsheet) is a single page or sheet within an Excel workbook. It is a grid of rows and columns where you can enter, store, organize, and analyze data. A workbook can contain multiple worksheets, allowing for organization of related data in different sheets.

(4ai)
A data model is an abstract representation that defines how data is organized, stored, and accessed within a database system. It describes the structure of data, its relationships, and the constraints that govern its integrity.

(4aii)
(i)Improved Data Organization and Understanding
(ii)Enhanced Database Design and Efficiency.

(4b)
Web Design: Focuses on creating and structuring websites, including layout, user experience (UX), user interface (UI), and functionality. It involves coding languages like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to build interactive and responsive web pages.
WHILE
Graphic Packages:
Are software tools primarily used for creating and manipulating visual elements such as images, logos, illustrations, and other graphics.

Examples include Adobe Photoshop and Illustrator, which are used to produce visual assets that can then be incorporated into web designs or other media

(4c)
(i)Multi-tasking Operating System: This type of OS allows a single user to run multiple applications or processes concurrently by rapidly switching between them, giving the illusion of simultaneous execution. Examples include Windows, macOS, and Linux.

(ii)Real-time Operating System (RTOS): Designed for applications with strict time constraints, where operations must be completed within a specific deadline. RTOS are commonly used in embedded systems, industrial control, and robotics where timely responses are critical. Examples include VxWorks and FreeRTOS.

(5ai)
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies.

(5aii)
Sign-up: This is the process of creating a new account with an email service provider. It involves providing personal information (like name, desired username, password) to register and establish a new email address. WHILE
Sign-in: This is the process of accessing an existing email account. It involves entering the registered username (or email address) and password to authenticate and gain access to the email inbox and other features.

(5b)
(i)Increased reliability and availability.
(ii)Improved scalability and performance.

(5c)
(i) URL: Uniform Resource Locator
(ii) ISP: Internet Service Provider
(iii) PPP: Point-to-Point Protocol

(iv) HTML: HyperText Markup Language

(6ai)
Switches: Switches are network devices that connect multiple devices on a computer network. They intelligently forward data packets only to the intended destination device based on MAC addresses, improving network efficiency and security compared to hubs.

(6aii)
Hubs: Hubs are basic network devices that connect multiple devices in a network. They broadcast all incoming data packets to all connected devices, regardless of the intended recipient, leading to network congestion and lower efficiency.

(6bi)
(i)Infected Email Attachments: Opening attachments from unknown or suspicious senders can introduce viruses.
(ii)Malicious Websites and Downloads: Visiting compromised websites or downloading software from untrusted sources can lead to virus infections.

(6bii)
(i)Install and Regularly Update Antivirus Software: Use a reputable antivirus program and ensure its virus definitions are kept up-to-date to detect and remove threats.
(ii)Be Cautious with Email and Downloads: Avoid opening suspicious email attachments or clicking on unknown links, and only download software from trusted sources.

(6ci)
Alt + Esc: This key combination cycles through open windows in the order they were opened, bringing each window to the foreground.

(6cii)

Ctrl + Backspace: This key combination deletes the entire word to the left of the cursor, rather than just a single character.

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COMPLETED!!!